Although the bill of lading is only a component of the international trade process, it establishes rules and details for the subsequent trade and transportation procedures, and clarifies the division of interests. However, disputes and loopholes often arise in international trade, and an analysis starting from the bill of lading itself reveals that paper bills of lading have caused some hidden dangers and problems. This paper proposes the possibility of improving to an electronic bill of lading in response to this situation, and through collecting information and understanding cases, it finds that the advantages of electronic bills of lading are significant, while also considering the possible problems that electronic bills of lading may face. But ultimately, this study believes that compared to paper bills of lading, electronic bills of lading have significant advantages, but require more time to complete official recognition, technical improvement, and sufficient practical experience. The development of electronic bills of lading is significant, and for this reason, electronic bills of lading still need more time to improve themselves.

This paper employs balanced panel data from 89 publicly listed companies in the Chinese energy industry spanning the years 2014 to 2023. It measures firm growth using Tobin's Q ratio and assesses corporate capital structure through the debt-to-asset ratio to investigate the relationship between capital structure and growth in the Chinese energy industry. By incorporating firm listing year, firm size, and core competitiveness as control variables, and utilizing both time-fixed effects and two-way fixed effects models for empirical analysis, the study concludes that the impact of capital structure on growth evolves over time. Specifically, a negative correlation is observed between the current period's capital structure and growth, whereas a positive correlation exists between the previous period's capital structure and growth. When adjusting their capital structures, energy firms should not only focus on current risk assessments and growth evaluations but also comprehensively consider the long-term ramifications of these adjustments on their future development.

Issues related to asset pricing and return forecasting have consistently been prominent research topics in both the financial industry and academia. With the rapid advancement of science, technology, and artificial intelligence, machine learning has garnered extensive attention from scholars for its robust self-learning and adaptive capabilities, as well as its exceptional advantages in large-scale data processing. This paper provides a detailed overview of the application of emerging machine learning methods in asset pricing and offers an in-depth analysis of machine learning’s contributions to this field based on existing research. This research finds that machine learning has introduced profound changes and progressive innovations in asset pricing models. Additionally, this paper examines the limitations of machine learning methods, objectively highlighting current shortcomings such as poor interpretability and model overfitting. Finally, this paper proposes future directions for improving machine learning models to advance the financial field further.

With rapid technological advancements and the rise of Generation Z, short-form video advertising has gradually replaced traditional television ads as a significant and influential social medium in people’s daily lives. With the rise of platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube, short-form videos have gained widespread popularity, allowing brands to reach a diverse and engaged audience. This paper examines the effectiveness of short-form videos as a new form of advertising. Using a combination of literature review and comparative analysis, this study explores key factors contributing to the success of short-form video ads, including user engagement, influencer collaborations, and platform strategies. The findings highlight the distinct advantages and characteristics of short-form videos over traditional advertising, offering a fresh perspective on their commercial value. This paper further discusses the potential for short-form videos to shape the future of digital marketing, providing insights for brands and researchers as they adapt to this dynamic landscape.

Due to the Internet gradually into people's lives, there are more investment ways that are gradually being discovered. Investment has become a difficulty for some small and medium-sized companies which face the investment delimma of high risks and lack of money. These enterprises need to use limited resources to handle profitable revenue and the stability of financial chain, so that reliable investing tools and methods should be utilized. Based on the background, The topic of this paper is investment tools for small and medium-sized exterprises and several different financial investment methods including capital preservation, investing in treasury bonds, participating in crowdfunding and cash flow management (internal investment). These method, different with those for large companies, are low-risked, low-fund required. This essay find out characteristics and drawbacks of small and medium-sized companies. Meanwhile, it concluded problems about investment of those SMEs and give several ways and suggestions to help them gain profit more efficiently.

SHEIN, a global B2C fast fashion e-commerce company focused on women's apparel, has expanded its offerings to include men's, children's, and accessories. Founded in 2008, SHEIN has grown rapidly to become one of the world's most popular online fashion retailers, especially among young consumers. By utilizing its flexible supply chain and cross-border e-commerce model, it has achieved significant market share, recently becoming the most visited fashion brand globally in terms of online traffic. This popularity is attributed to a highly flexible, technology-driven supply chain that allows Shein to quickly respond to changing fashion trends through small-volume, high-frequency product releases to meet consumer demand for personalized fashion. In addition, Shein's cross-border e-commerce infrastructure enables it to efficiently deliver products to global customers at competitive prices. Based on the above background, this paper will elaborate on the current cross-border e-commerce environment through the literature analysis method and analyze SHEIN's business model strengths and weaknesses in depth on this basis. For its possible deficiencies in flexible supply chain management, this paper will also propose some feasible solutions, with a view to providing valuable references and lessons for SHEIN and other similar cross-border e-commerce brands.

In recent years, China's economic development has entered a new normal. The street vendor economy, favored by the public for its assistance to livelihoods, job creation, and expansion of domestic demand, has seen the implementation of related policies to promote its development in many parts of the country. However, the street vendor economy market faces challenges such as environmental sanitation disorder, uneven product quality, difficulties in consumer rights protection, and conflicts between urban governance and livelihood employment. This project, based on previous theoretical literature and in accordance with the national policy of resource conservation and efficiency, integrates existing resources. It employs survey questionnaires to investigate and analyze the current situation and existing problems of the street vendor economy development in Suzhou City. Tailored to the different issues revealed by the survey results, pertinent and effective countermeasures and suggestions are proposed, aiming to fully develop a resource-efficient street vendor economy.

Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) has been common for identifying expected returns by analyzing an asset’s systematic risk in the market.. Nevertheless, to enhance the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), more sophisticated models are necessary, chiefly because of the model's presumption of a singular risk factor. This study focuses on the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) as an alternative, which incorporates multiple economic factors, offering a nuanced understanding of asset pricing and risk. This paper explores the distinctions between the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT), while also examining the practical applications of APT within the context of real-world business scenarios. Additionally, the study employs a literature review methodology, augmented by a detailed exposition and evaluation of the APT framework for portfolio management and risk assessment, illustrated through selected case studies. Real-life and equity market evidence have been employed to explain the benefits of APT.The relevant analysis shows that the level of flexibility and risk assessment revealed by APT is higher than that in CAPM in the more complicated structure of the market. In this regard, this study provides evidence that APT is a useful model in the decision-making process of investment, especially when related to portfolio diversification and risks.

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing has gained significant traction as investors increasingly seek to align their financial goals with ethical considerations. This paper delves into the practical application of ESG criteria within the Markowitz Model (MM) and the Index Model (IM), examining the impact on portfolio optimization and risk management. We analyze a diverse set of companies across various sectors to assess their ESG implementation strategies and the resulting trade-offs between ethical investment and financial performance. Our findings suggest that incorporating ESG factors can lead to a reduction in the efficient frontier's return for a given level of risk, highlighting the need for a nuanced approach to portfolio management. The study concludes with recommendations for investors, emphasizing the importance of aligning ESG values with financial objectives. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on sustainable investing, offering insights for both academic and professional communities.

The cross-border cooperation between Luckin Coffee and Maotai is a typical case of this strategy. By constructing a theoretical model including cross-border marketing, dynamic capabilities and conditional variables, and adopting the case study method, this study investigates the role of positioning in cross-border marketing and its impact on corporate earnings through business model analysis, consumer behaviour survey and marketing effect evaluation. This paper also provides an in-depth analysis of the role of cross-border marketing in promoting organizational change, product innovation and market expansion. This study concludes that Maotai, as a leader in China's liquor industry, has brought Luckin an increase in brand trust, and Maotai has also realized the win-win effect of expanding its consumer base as a result of Luckin's rejuvenation marketing strategy. Meanwhile, consumer questionnaires showed that consumers were more receptive to the dual-branded co-branded products, which, combined with the accurate market positioning strategies of both parties, resulted in a significant increase in sales. The analysis of the cooperation model between Maotai and Luckin reflects the importance of cross-border cooperation in service innovation and brand building. In addition, by constructing a theoretical model including cross-border marketing, dynamic capabilities and conditional variables, it provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance on how enterprises can improve their earnings through cross-border marketing.