The reasonable and effective treatment and utilization of agricultural production waste is an effective way to deal with energy depletion and climate change. Agricultural waste, including crop straw, livestock manure, agricultural film, pesticide packaging, the waste if improperly handled, can lead to soil, water and air pollution, like remains in agricultural land contains various chemical elements of crop straw and livestock manure, if improperly handled will cause irreversible of soil erosion and pollution. Through resource utilization, these wastes can be converted into organic fertilizers, bioenergy, feed or other valuable products, thus reducing environmental pollution, improving the efficiency of resource utilization, and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. This study will discuss the technical progress of the treatment mode of agricultural waste in the current technical field, and find out the shortcomings and challenges of the existing technology. China, India, America, Japan, Thailand and many other countries are stepping up their research on biomass energy. The development and utilization of agricultural biomass have a strong competitiveness in the energy market.

As one of the components of GDP calculation, consumption has always been the target of people's attention. Following the United States, China, the world's second-largest e-commerce market, is also a natural target. In particular, the research on the development of e-commerce and the rise of new shopping methods such as live e-commerce in recent years has aroused wide interest, and the analysis also provides new thinking for the sustainable development of e-commerce. In order to better study this problem, this study focuses on the analysis of online shopping and live streaming of goods in two ways. This study specifically analyzes the mechanism and rise of online shopping festivals and live streaming of goods, and also analyzes the possible advantages of the two methods and the shortcomings of product uncertainty as an example. In addition, this paper also combines and compares the two, especially in the "Double 11" shopping festival, and puts forward some thoughts for this research problem.

In recent years, as the world's population continues to increase, it has brought a series of pollution problems, which causes global warming intensified. In order to solve the problem of climate warming, the development trend of low carbon and environmental protection is gradually becoming the keynote of global social and economic development. At the same time, due to the excessive reliance on energy consumption for the development of China's economy in the past, the problems of energy shortage and environmental degradation have become more and more serious in China in recent years. Therefore, the carbon emission reduction index has become one of the important assessment indicators for the development of China's economic quality and an unavoidable key task for economic development. Energy is the basis of economic and social development, in the process of economic development, China will inevitably encounter energy shortages, environmental pollution problems, the development of renewable energy has become a general trend, the transformation and optimization of the traditional energy structure is an effective way to achieve this goal and an important means. This paper analyzes and puts forward suggestions on the current situation of China's energy transition, factors affecting energy transition and future development trends through the literature review method and comparative analysis method.

The affordability and availability of housing for university students in the United States have become increasingly challenging, especially for international students. This study investigates the impact of international student university enrollment on local housing markets, specifically focusing on Fair Market Rent (FMR) Efficiency. Understanding this relationship is essential for policymakers, university administrators, and local governments as they seek to balance housing supply and demand. This study employs a fixed effect regression model, the primary variables include international student ratios, unemployment rates, median household incomes, real GDP per capita, and university enrollment ratios. By analyzing panel data from 50 U.S. states between 2020 and 2023, this study aims to quantify the influence of international students on FMR Efficiency while accounting for state-level heterogeneity. The results reveal a significant positive correlation between international student ratios and FMR Efficiency, particularly in states with numerous higher education institutions and robust economic profiles. This finding highlights the need for targeted housing policies to manage the increased demand and ensure affordability for all residents.

In an era of globalization, the interconnectedness of financial markets means that monetary policy decisions in one country, particularly the United States, can have significant global repercussions. This interconnectedness necessitates a deeper understanding of how US monetary policy influences economic conditions worldwide. This paper reviews the impact of US monetary policy through various channels on advanced and emerging countries differently. The research finds that US monetary policy involves an element of uncertainty. In advanced countries, this uncertainty primarily influences the term premium component of yields, whereas in emerging countries, it affects the expected component of yields. Furthermore, the impact of US monetary policy shocks varies with the business cycle, having a larger effect when growth is weak outside the US. Different channels of spillover include interest rate differentials, exchange rate movements, capital flows, financial market reactions, and changes in risk perception and sentiment. For advanced countries, significant impacts are seen in interest rate spillovers, exchange rate dynamics, financial market volatility, and global trade and economic growth. In emerging countries, the effects are pronounced in exchange rate channels, capital flows, financial stability, term premium, risk perception, and local monetary conditions. Solutions include strengthening financial regulation, diversifying economic structures, building foreign exchange reserves, managing capital flows, improving monetary policy frameworks, fostering regional cooperation, promoting long-term investment, and enhancing data transparency.

This paper focuses on the in-depth exploration of how traditional offline retail has been impacted by e-commerce to a certain extent in the context of the wave of e-commerce sweeping the world, and how to flexibly cope with this great change, survive and stand out in such competitive challenges, not only quickly integrate into and adapt to the new market environment, but also stabilize its position and continue to develop in the highly competitive consumer market The strategic path of the exhibition is to compare the purchase channels of various categories of e-commerce transactions in the past 5 years, e-commerce sales, e-commerce purchases, wholesale and retail end goods inventory The analysis of offline retail and other data and the use of SWOT analysis to comprehensively analyze the future development mode of China's offline retail and the importance of e-commerce and digital transformation to China's offline retail, so as to obtain targeted information from the government Suggestions are given at the three levels of the industry and the company itself, and the problems and challenges that may exist and need to be further solved and improved in the transformation of the traditional offline retail industry are also explained.

This essay reviews China's implementation of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria. It specifically looks at how companies are audited and regulated and examine how ESG practices impact economic performance. The findings suggest that while Chinese companies are increasingly aligning with international ESG standards, challenges persist in reporting consistency, regulatory enforcement, and corporate awareness. Nevertheless, robust ESG performance offers significant opportunities, including enhanced access to capital and improved brand reputation. The paper stresses the pivotal role of the Chinese government in fostering ESG compliance through legislative measures and highlights the evolving significance of audit regulations that aim to ensure transparency and accountability. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations to enhance ESG practices, aiming to bolster China's position as a crucial role in corporate sustainability and sustainable growth. Future research will focus on refining ESG reporting standards and further exploring the intricate relationship between ESG practices and economic performance, developing more robust regulatory frameworks to support sustainable growth.

Longer life expectancy and improved health are key indicators of economic growth. As such, strategies to bolster the medical security system are priorities in government budgeting. The government is dedicating all available resources to better healthcare in rural and underdeveloped areas, narrowing the urban-rural healthcare gap, and achieving equitable healthcare resource distribution. This study examines the effect of monetary policy on healthcare affordability, focusing on China's Urban and Rural Basic Medical Insurance (URRBMI). It investigates how macroeconomic policies, such as interest rates and inflation control, affect healthcare costs and shape URRBMI's financial protection. Using an integrated methodology, including a literature review, theoretical framework, and econometric analysis, the research uncovers how monetary policy impacts healthcare costs and URRBMI's effectiveness. The findings highlight the importance of monetary policy in healthcare affordability. The study recommends collaboration between monetary authorities and healthcare policymakers to improve China's healthcare system's sustainability and effectiveness. Furthermore, these insights are crucial for refining URRBMI and provide new understandings of optimizing macroeconomic policy interactions with social welfare programs.

Due to changes in demographics, urbanization, and economic development, the Chinese real estate market has intrigued many analysts in the last three decades. To begin with, it is necessary to know more about the nature of this market since it plays an essential role in the country's economic development and in improving the standard of living of its population. The importance of the real estate industry cannot be overemphasized in the context of China, specifically in terms of the financial structure, urbanization, and social welfare. Hence, evaluating government policies in this regard is crucial to understand further, how and why they work or fail, along with the impact on the growth of cities. Thus, this paper aims to provide an overview and qualitative analysis of the Chinese real estate market's government policies between first- and second-tier cities, focusing on supply and demand. The actual policies include purchase restrictions, availability of land, and monetary policies, and the effects of actual policies are discussed for various tiers of cities. The study establishes that first-tier cities are highly priced and competitive due to high supply and demand, while second-tier cities are variably priced and could be oversupplied. These issues need more profound and local policy suggestions to understand specific heterogeneities of various Chinese urban property markets and strive for the mutual and relatively balanced growth of different city clusters.

In the current digital financial environment, portfolio management is highly valued, but traditional approaches face challenges. This study aims to explore the application of intelligent portfolio management systems in the financial field and design the system through accounting and financial knowledge to improve the efficiency of decision-making. Comprehensive research methods were adopted to collect financial and market data, and tools such as machine learning and data mining were used for in-depth analysis. Finally, an intelligent portfolio management system was designed and constructed, and its application effect was verified through empirical research. The research objects are financial market participants, and the data comes from the real market. This study chooses JPMorgan Chase and BlackRock as the research objects. These two well-known financial institutions have rich experience and resources in portfolio management, which will provide in-depth case analysis and data support for this study. The results show that the intelligent system can improve the decision-making efficiency, and put forward the technical challenges and countermeasures to promote the further development of the system.