Inflation is an important issue that affects the profitability and operational stability of commercial banks. Conducting an in-depth analysis of these influences while putting forward effective countermeasures can be beneficial to ensuring the stable operation of commercial banks. This paper focuses on the period from 1937 to 1949 where the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War, which had contributed to severe inflation and disrupted the banking sector, and the formation of the modern Chinese banking system. This study critically examines the main causes behind inflation, evaluates their implications on the functioning of commercial banks. It also assesses both the positive and negative impacts on commercial banks, pointing out the challenges commercial banks face during different periods. For example, the market turmoil and policy changes in the 1940s have made it difficult for commercial banks to retain normal operation; therefore are suffering from making profits and inflation has made the situation even worse. In addition, this paper provides short-run and long-run strategies for reducing the negative effects of inflation, with consideration of China’s unique economic structure and historical context. By integrating insights from historical and contemporary perspectives, this analysis aims to offer valuable views on the micro and macro impacts inflation could bring.

Digital currencies, as innovative products in the field of financial technology, are characterized by their decentralized structure and strong encryption based on blockchain and other technologies. Although your mention of ‘relying on local area networks’ may be a bit of a misnomer in the broad sense, as the operation of digital currencies relies more broadly on the Internet rather than a single local area network, the concepts of digital encryption and decentralization it emphasizes are accurate. Legal digital currencies, such as the Digital Currency Electronic Payment (DCEP) issued by the People's Bank of China, represent a milestone in this field. They not only integrate the security and transparency of blockchain technology but also achieve a perfect combination of controllable anonymity and legal tender status through the deep integration of the generalized account system with the banking system. The issuance of DCEP marks an important step forward for China in the field of digital currencies and is expected to have a profound impact on the financial market, promoting the modernization and upgrading of the payment system, enhancing transaction efficiency and security, and at the same time, providing the public with more convenient and secure payment options, further integrating into and changing people's daily lifestyles.

High-frequency trading (HFT) uses advanced technologies and sophisticated algorithms to make transactions at unprecedented speeds, which could significantly impact modern financial markets. This literature review examines the technological foundations, primary trading strategies, market impacts, regulatory environment, risk management practices, and future research directions in HFT. The findings reveal that HFT could increase market liquidity and price discovery but also increase volatility during periods of high market stress. Regulatory frameworks such as the SEC’s Market Access Rule and MiFID II aim to monitor and control HFT activities, at the same time effective risk management practices are crucial for maintaining market stability. Future research should focus on emerging technologies such as AI, ML, quantum computing, and blockchain, along with a better understanding of market structure and global regulatory coordination. This review provides valuable insights for market participants, regulators and researchers, contributing to a balanced perspective on HFT’s role in contemporary financial markets.

Otome games, story-based romance video games targeting women, originated in Japan in the late 1990s and have since gained popularity all around the world. This paper investigates the rise of Chinese domestic otome games, focusing on Love and Deepspace, a burgeoning and competitive title. The study analyzes its marketing strategy using the 4P model and examines the game's reflection on consumer behavior. The findings show that Love and Deepspace has innovated marketing approaches within the otome game industry, leveraging 3D modeling as the core of its product and price strategies and employing consumer-centric promotion strategies globally. As a conclusion, the paper states that understanding target consumers’ preferences is vital for future market planning. The research uses Love and Deepspace’s success as an example to highlight the significant business value of domestic otome games and provide insights for companies to refine their strategies in this growing market.

The Chinese consumer market has changed significantly in the last few years due to a tendency toward simplicity and a change in customer sentiments. MUJI has effectively entered the Chinese market by using its sustainable development idea and minimalist style, allowing it to adapt to this shift. This paper aims to examine the innovative marketing strategy employed by MUJI in the Chinese market, its capacity to achieve long-term growth, and its role as a symbol of the minimalist lifestyle, while demonstrating an ability to adapt to the changing needs of its customers. In this paper, both literature review and data analysis are employed to provide an in-depth study of MUJI’s strategy to enter the Chinese market. The results show that Chinese consumers’ preference for MUJI products not only stems from their simple and practical design, but also coincides with the concept of minimalist aesthetics in traditional Chinese culture. In addition, MUJI's unique advantages in product quality, brand image and marketing strategy further enhance its competitiveness in the Chinese market. Through specific analysis, it comprehensively discusses the success factors of this Japanese brand’s minimalist design style in the Chinese market, which provides a reference for the design and marketing of other international brands in the Chinese market.

The connection between green commuting and urban design was intimately intertwined in this study. As urbanization progressed, issues such as population growth, housing, transportation, and the environment had become increasingly salient. Green commuting had emerged as a vital strategy to mitigate these challenges and enhance the quality of life for urban residents. This paper elucidated the principles underlying green commuting, highlighting a human-centric approach, the interconnections between public transit, walking, and cycling as modes of travel, and the significance of the digital city paradigm. By examining the transportation systems and urban design methodologies, techniques, and characteristics of Vienna and Copenhagen, the paper delineated the strengths and weaknesses in the development of these cities. It delved into the design approaches and philosophies in green commuting from these two cities that were exemplary and worthy of emulation. The paper proposed potential strategies for green and low-carbon design in future urban transportation, aiming to construct a more ecologically sustainable urban transportation system and infuse new dynamism into urban development.

Trams, a vital component of public transportation, operate within diverse environments ranging from fully segregated tracks to mixed-traffic systems. This study investigated tram collisions in Melbourne—a city renowned for its extensive and historic tram network—and explored both systemic and behavioral factors contributing to these incidents. The analysis identified key factors such as the arrangement of tram platforms, intersection design, right-of-way (ROW) regulations, tram driver behavior, and the actions of other road users. The study revealed that inadequate tram platform arrangements and suboptimal intersection designs are major contributors to tram collisions. Recommendations for improvement include implementing elevated, standalone tram platforms with protective barriers and accessible ramps, expanding the use of Hook Turn intersections, and integrating intelligent transportation systems to enhance traffic management. Additionally, addressing behavioral factors is crucial. Enhanced training for tram drivers and educational campaigns for pedestrians and other road users are proposed to improve situational awareness and adherence to safety norms. By addressing both objective systemic issues and subjective behavioral factors, this study aimed to enhance the safety of tram operations in mixed-traffic environments, ultimately reducing collision risks and improving public confidence in tram systems.

Medicines and medical resources are necessities of human society, and human beings often rely on them to speed up recovery or save lives. Especially since the society has just experienced an epidemic, namely COVID-19, the pharmaceutical industry is often in the spotlight. The prospects of the pharmaceutical industry are optimistic, and people often make profits by purchasing a company's stock. This study will analyze and evaluate the operating status of the four leader companies in the pharmaceutical market through data and theories, in order to figure out the most suitable company to buy shares. By comparing various data, Bristol-Myers Squibb's stock is the most suitable to buy. Because it has great potential in the future, high profitability, and high operation efficiency. The significance of this study is to enable people to discover companies worth investing in, provide professional advice to buyers, promote audiences for worthy companies, and discover companies with development prospects for the market.

This paper is based on Jellycat's new marketing strategy of selling toys with a additional show, and there is only little research on the influence of such a marketing strategy on Jellycat's brand by scholars. Therefore, this paper aims to study the influence of Jellycat's offline stores by combining performance and sales. This paper uses qualitative data collection on the website and different models to analyze Jellycat's marketing strategy, including marketing mix, SWOT analysis, and Pestle analysis. The research results show that the new sales method, that is, on-site sales with corresponding short performances, can affect multiple factors on many levels. For example, the price of the product will increase, the value of the product itself will also increase, and the brand image will be well established as a relatively high-end positioning. Therefore, although this marketing strategy may have many shortcomings, it has brought more good effects to the brand as a whole for the business to improve the brand image and increase their sales and profit.

The Russian-Ukrainian War saw a major escalation on February 24, 2022, when Russia invaded Ukraine, sparking the biggest battle in Europe since World War II. In addition to negatively affecting international relations, this lengthy conflict has had a significant negative influence on world markets, especially those in the Eurozone. The ongoing conflict has intensified inflationary pressures, necessitating the implementation of strong fiscal and monetary measures by the European Central Bank (ECB). This study analyzes the inflationary effect of the Russia-Ukraine crisis on the economies of the Eurozone and assesses the ECB's policies using macroeconomic models, such as the IS-PC-MR model. It explores the complex economic fallout, which includes unstable energy supply, higher industrial prices, and a decline in consumer confidence. The economy has stabilized largely because of the ECB's initiatives, which have included coordinated fiscal policies, interest rate hikes and asset purchase adjustments. Despite these initiatives, problems still exist, such as controlling the growing public debt and striking a balance between inflation management and economic growth. In order to strengthen economic resilience, the conclusion highlights the need for ongoing adaptation and international cooperation. Investments in integrated fiscal measures, diverse supply chains, and renewable energy are suggested as being crucial for long-term stability. The purpose of this study is to provide insights for future economic crisis management and to contribute to policy-making conversations.