China has been burdened with the issue of income inequality which has been an ongoing conundrum for many decades in the vast majority of the world. Urbanization, which at first glance may seem like the ultimate solution may not provide the adequate effects many believe it brings forth. This raises the question: how does urbanization affect income inequality and specifically in China? While urbanization was thought to have been a way to mitigate this problem it has in turn further harmed the most vulnerable stakeholders, those on the lower receiving end. In order to effectively benefit and accurately pinpoint where the theories and reality differ, it is crucial this question is answered. This paper will take the analyses and data collected from various studies. An explanation of the initial perspective on urbanization will be brought up followed by the studies of the current situation and polished up with a discussion and some suggestions for the future.

Since the Covid-19, the recovery of economic vitality has long been the focus of governments at all levels. As an important module of economic revitalization, promoting the growth of its economic system has been a long-term policy of the country. To this end, the country has been putting forward the economic policy of common development of urban and rural areas since the 19th National Congress. Based on the vigorous implementation and continuous deepening of the current policy, this paper, based on the various problems and opportunities faced in the current urban and rural economic development, combined with the accumulation of personal daily work in the Chuanying District of Jilin City, analyzes the reasons in depth, actively improves the plan, and tries to explore effective measures to promote the development of China's agricultural economy, which has a very positive role in promoting the improvement of the quality of national life and promoting the efficient construction of urban and rural economies.

As a highly indebted industry, the civil aviation transportation industry's debt risk management is crucial to its everyday operations. After the emergence of COVID-19 in early 2020, a number of airlines have been adversely affected by variables such as a reduction in the number of passengers, and their operating revenue has been severely impacted, with some even facing the possibility of insolvency. How to control the size and risk of debt is particularly crucial when income is low. On the basis of empirical analysis, this paper collects and sorts the financial data of three large state-owned civil aviation enterprises (China Southern Airlines, Air China, and China Eastern Airlines), selects several debt risk measurement indicators to analyse the impact of the epidemic on the debt risk of civil aviation enterprises, and offers corresponding recommendations for the management of airline debt risk.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019, online consumption has grown explosively and has become the main consumption mode for modern people. As the young group who are good at using the Internet, consumption behaviors and habits of college students have undoubtedly been greatly influenced. As teenagers’ behavior and economic activity are important roles in human life, this paper aims to study college students’ economic behavior as influenced by the pandemic. The paper mainly uses theoretical analysis methods, combined with existing studies in the fields of behavioral economics, to analyze the consumption characteristics of college students from three aspects: the increase in online shopping, irrational consumption caused by online loans, and unnecessary consumption caused by community behavior. The epidemic does have effects on college students' online consumption behavior, such as increasing irrational consumption and unnecessary consumption, which needs the attention of relevant scholars and the society.

The Great Recession, which started in 2007, was considered one of the severest economic downturns that ever transpired, causing massive unemployment and panic. Intriguingly, economic growth remained significantly lower than the pre-recession level in the US. This article intends to research the relationship between confidence and US economic growth. Through this study, the author intends to use the qualitative research method to analyze existing data and explore the factors that deteriorated the confidence of the Americans and how these factors continued to influence the economic growth of America in the phase of recovery. The result is, in short, the collapse of the financial market, soaring unemployment, and the accumulation of debts, which spread anxiety in the US economy, made individuals lose their confidence over a long period, and caused a sluggish economic recovery years after the end of this recession.

A well-developed and well-executed marketing strategy is important for a company, especially for Adidas in the highly competitive sporting goods industry. Therefore, this essay analyzes Adidas’ marketing strategy with the help of the 4Ps marketing theory and proposes relevant strategy optimisation. The result shows that Adidas’ current marketing strategy focuses on incorporating sustainability to drive product innovation. This marketing strategy is beneficial in helping the company to engage consumers and build a credible brand image. However, this marketing strategy also faces problems with product innovation lacking competitiveness, product quality and pricing. Therefore, Adidas could optimise both its product strategy and its pricing strategy. Specifically, Adidas could focus on product innovation, drive digital transformation and increase its control over suppliers in order to expand its product strength and optimise its product strategy. At the same time, Adidas could optimise its pricing strategy by increasing its sensitivity to changes in competitors’ prices, consumers and market demand.

Nowadays, ESG investment, which involves environmental (E), social (S) and governance (G) elements, become a hit. Not only the leader of companies but also the public were attracted by such investments aimed at long-term benefits. However, at present, there exist many problems with ESG investment, such as, lack of standard, return, and supervision for it. At the same time, with the development of economy and social concept, corporations increasingly play a greater role in society. As a result, corporations are expected to assume a series of social responsibilities by the public. ESG investment and corporate social responsibilities, obviously the two concepts have something in common. Therefore, the paper focuses on the two concepts and tries to answer ESG-related problems from the perspective of corporate social responsibilities. First, through the analysis and summary of relevant research, the paper concludes the relationship between the two. Second, through data analysis and case studies, the paper explores the benefits of ESG investment if it embodies the assumption of corporate social responsibility. Last, the paper concludes with what and how we should do to promote ESG investment for the purpose of making companies assume more social responsibility.

Due to the expansion of the economy and society, higher standards have been proposed for the growth of enterprises. More and more attention has been paid to the sustainable development of enterprises. The shortage of resources and environmental pollution are another challenge for manufacturing enterprises, requiring businesses to give environmental issues more consideration modern management practices such as green supply chain management take the entire supply chain into account when making decisions. It incorporates suppliers, manufactures, sellers and users and is based on the principle of green manufacturing and supply chain management technologies. Its goal is to reduce environmental impact of the entire process of purchasing, processing, packing, storing, moving, using, and discarding products. This article begins with the meaning of supply chain management, examines the fundamental components of a green supply chain, elaborates on the implementation of a green supply chain, discusses the challenges a green supply chain faces in China, and then proposes green supply chain management strategies.

In the context of the global epidemic, urban rail transit has the risk of spreading the virus. Taking Beijing Metro Line 1 as an example, this project establishes a dynamic model of train variable marshalling by studying passenger behavior and virus transmission, aiming to explore more intelligent marshalling mode, optimize transportation organization, and improve the flexibility of train marshalling and dispatching of urban rail transit, so as to improve its transportation efficiency and reduce the station personnel density, Then reduce the risk of disease infection of passengers in the process of taking urban rail transit under the background of the outbreak. The results show that: Dynamic marshalling technology can significantly improve the transport efficiency of urban rail transit trains and effectively control the risk of infection of passengers.

Social media marketing strategies contribute to increasing the brand awareness of businesses. However, they have not always fully exploited the creativity and innovative capacities of the strategy due to unawareness of the best tools to utilize in modern technology. Notably, some organizations also fail to recognize the benefits of social networks. The internet has exposed numerous opportunities, such as online marketing that utilizes advertisement mechanisms like the podcast, blogs, and social media to reach their target audiences. However, the internet allows users to interact and create communities, facilitating the exchange and discussion of knowledge. Famous social media networks include youtube, Facebook, and Twitter. However, the advancing social media development has contributed to the emergence of new platforms such as Tiktok. Analysts measure their popularity based on the level of activities the platform offers its users. As a result, modern social networks facilitate more effective than traditional networks since they promote global interactions by overcoming geographical barriers. Currently, only a few organizations use social networking in various sectors, but this literature identifies numerous strategies that every organization should utilize to promote its brand. This article intends to discuss the best social media marketing strategies, their benefits, and challenges and provide insights about the emerging trends and application of modern technology such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and chatbots in marketing. The first part of the review introduces the topic, while the subsequent sections address the marketing strategies such as image appeal and content. The challenges section addresses the problems that accompany the strategies. The emerging technology and trends cover the modern aspects that dominate online marketing, such as chatbots, artificial intelligence, and short videos. The discussion relies on numerous relevant literature articles exploring the aforementioned social media marketing issues.