This study examines the impact of a unified green badge policy on sales and seller competition in e-commerce platforms. The Climate Pledge Friendly badge on Amazon exemplifies the benefits of such a badge, including increased sales to eco-conscious consumers, improved product visibility, and enhanced brand trust and loyalty. Despite these advantages, there is limited research on how green badges affect seller competition. We address this gap using a three-stage game model. First, two sellers set their prices and product sustainability levels, considering the marketplace’s commission rate and badge threshold. Second, the marketplace sets the badge threshold and recommends products based on inferred consumer preferences. Third, consumers determine their purchases, and firms realize profits. The equilibrium is characterized by a symmetric pure-strategy perfect Bayesian equilibrium (PBE) under imperfect information. Our findings show that at equilibrium, product prices and demand increase with the probability of adopting the unified green badge, provided certain conditions are met. Market competition also intensifies with the proportion of badged products, especially when these products hold a market share greater than 50%. This research provides strategic insights for sellers on green certification, pricing, and product features, and offers guidance for e-commerce platforms on the benefits of unified eco-labeling practices, aiding in sustainable marketing strategies.

The anchoring effect and loss aversion are two key ideas in behavioural economics that are examined in this article. The psychological significance of losses in comparison to comparable gains is highlighted by loss aversion, which was first put forth by Kahneman and Tversky. Although preliminary calculations indicated that the λ ratio should be around 2.25, more recent studies show that it depends on both context and magnitude. The universality of the phenomena is contested by meta-analyses. Women and older people routinely exhibit more loss-averse behaviour, which further complicates this bias and frequently results in inefficient effects like preference misrepresentation and policy stagnation. On the other hand, anchoring refers to the ongoing impact of starting values on later assessments. Even among experts in high-stakes judgements, anchoring is robust across domains despite differences in processes, such as quantitative priming, selective accessibility, and inadequate correction. Though their extent, persistence, and results differ depending on the task, environment, and demography, these results collectively show that these biases substantially impede rational decision-making. The study identifies areas for future behavioural economics research and emphasises the significance of connecting lab-based data with field settings.

This paper quantifies how the presence of young children affects women’s employment in China and shows that the impact differs sharply by marital status. Using the 2018–2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies, this study estimated separate heteroskedasticity-robust logit models for 2,599 married and 1,889 unmarried women aged 18–55. After controlling for education, cognitive ability, age, and residence, it can be found that having at least one co-resident child aged 1–5 lowers the probability of employment by 12 percentage points for married mothers but only 7 points for unmarried mothers; school-aged children (6–17) reduce employment by 5 and 6 points, respectively. Model diagnostics indicate good fit and discrimination, and a battery of robustness checks confirms the stability of the results. These findings contribute to broader debates on gender inequality and labor market participation in China, where rapid socioeconomic development coexists with persistent tensions between family responsibilities and women’s career opportunities.

This study provides a strategic analysis of Tesla's future growth by focusing on the critical roles of technological innovation and global market. It begins with an overview of Tesla's current position and its pionneering influence in the electric vehicle (EV) industry. The study then analyzes key technological advancements. Including the Full Self-Driving (FSD) system, improvements in 4680 battery technology, and the expansion of the company’s product portofolio. Futhermore, the paper explores Tesla's expansion strategies aimed at strengthening its market presence in important areas such as Asia, Europe, and North America. Drawing on comprehensive industry reports and credible market forecasts, this analysis identifies significant growth opportunities as well as important problems related to regulatory frameworks, intensifying competition, and weaknesses in supply chain management. Overall, the findings offer valuable insights into Tesla's strategic trajectory, contributing to academic discussion and practical understanding of emerging trends in the global EV market.

In recent years, Shanghai Disneyland has consistently attracted a large number of domestic and international tourists. This widespread popularity is closely linked to its marketing strategies. This study selects Shanghai Disneyland as a case study and, based on the 4P framework of marketing (product, price, place, promotion), employs a combination of literature review and case analysis to investigate the current implementation status and existing challenges of its marketing strategies. The findings reveal several issues: at the product level, there is a prolonged interval between facility updates and insufficient coverage of diverse customer segments; at the place level, an excessive number of ticketing platforms, inconsistent discount policies, and inadequate service attitudes among staff are observed; regarding promotion, although marketing campaigns have successfully boosted popularity, there remains room for improvement in terms of creativity and the integration of local and Disney elements; at the price level, the significant price disparity between peak and off-peak seasons has led to consumer perceptions of high costs relative to the experience. To resolve these challenges, recommendations include enhancing park management and regularly updating facilities to improve the product strategy; standardizing discount policies and expanding market outreach to optimize the place strategy; reducing reliance on scarcity marketing, deepening the integration of local culture with Disney elements, and improving service attitudes and after-sales efficiency for the promotion strategy; and establishing a more balanced pricing mechanism to enhance consumer satisfaction and reduce disputes for the price strategy.

This paper examines how different ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) disclosure strategies impact corporate reputation and market response by analyzing three major companies: Tesla, Microsoft, and ExxonMobil. Tesla employs detailed sustainability reports emphasizing environmental metrics, which bolster investor confidence but face criticism for neglecting social and governance aspects. Microsoft adopts a strategic approach, announcing bold, measurable goals like carbon negativity, enhancing its ESG leadership image and attracting investor trust. ExxonMobil discloses operational ESG adjustments, such as carbon capture investments, but mixed market reactions and skepticism arise due to unclear long-term alignment and perceived greenwashing. Key findings reveal that effective ESG communication requires clarity, credibility, and balance across all three pillars. Companies aligning ESG disclosures with core business values (e.g., Tesla’s environmental focus, Microsoft’s holistic strategy) gain stronger stakeholder trust, while fragmented or reactive efforts (e.g., ExxonMobil’s operational shifts) risk reputational damage. The study underscores that ESG disclosure is not merely about transparency but also strategic integration into long-term business models. Future research should explore long-term ESG impacts across industries and the role of third-party ratings in shaping investor perceptions. Overall, well-executed ESG communication enhances reputation, investor appeal, and sustainability preparedness.

Driven by media rights, international fans and diversified revenue sources, the global sports industry is running in a major financial transformation. This article explores the potential of tokenization of real-world assets (RWA) supported by blockchain technology to completely transform sports financing and valuation. Although RWA tokenization has advantages such as enhancing liquidity, reducing transaction costs, improving transparency and global accessibility, it also faces key challenges such as regulatory uncertainty, legal enforceability and interoperability issues. Traditional valuation methods, which based on revenue, market and assets. Despite they are still widespread, but they have limitations in dealing with intangible assets and cross-border transactions. This study concludes with RWA tokenization with its transformative potential, integrating RWA tokenization into the sports industry requires further research, a standardized framework, and regulatory coordination to achieve widespread adoption.

Based on the high-level echelon theory and team diversity theory, this study takes Chinese strategic emerging industry enterprises from 2020 to 2025 as samples and, through empirical research methods, investigates the relationship between the heterogeneity of the executive team and the innovation performance of enterprises. The study quantified innovation performance as the number of invention patent applications, used the Blau index to measure the heterogeneity of educational background and the Herfindahl index to measure the heterogeneity of occupational background, and controlled seven types of variables including enterprise age to construct a multiple regression model. The results show that both educational background heterogeneity (β=0.210, p<0.1) and occupational background heterogeneity (β=1.203, p<0.01) have a significant positive impact on innovation performance, and the impact of occupational background heterogeneity is more prominent. Research has confirmed that in strategic emerging industries, the diversification of the knowledge structure and professional experience of the executive team can provide a theoretical basis for enterprises to optimize their team structure and for the government to formulate supportive policies.

Population growth relates directly to labor supply, social welfare, and economic development, and is therefore a critical determinant of a country’s long-term trajectory. This paper employs a simple linear regression model on provincial panel data from China covering 2007–2023 to examine the effect of fiscal policies for public services on population growth. We further perform heterogeneity analyses across regions and time periods. The empirical results indicate that: (1) fiscal policy for public services has a positive and significant effect on population growth; (2) this effect is strongest in the Northeast, followed by the Western and Central regions, and weakest in the Eastern region; (3) after the nationwide implementation of the two-child policy, the influence of public-service fiscal policy on population growth increased.

In the context of rural revitalization, how traditional villages can better promote cultural and tourism integration and achieve high-quality and sustainable rural economic development is a crucial issue. Taking Qingyang Village in Jiangshan City as an example, this paper explores current measures for the cultural and tourism integration within the village. It highlights the shortcomings such as insufficient exploration of cultural connotations, insufficient transformation capabilities, an overly simplistic tourism industry structure, and flawed operational mechanisms that hinder sustainable development. To address these issues, the local community needs to effectively transform the local value of cultural resources into economic value and, through the development of new tourism formats, create a "Mao Culture" product chain, thereby transforming itself from a "culturally resource-rich area" to a "cultural and tourism experience destination." The Qingyang Village example offers a valuable reference for villages with rich cultural resources, fostering the further development of cultural and tourism integration.